Spathulenol has immunomodulatory effect. Spathulenol shows the capacity to inhibit proliferation in the lymphocytes and to induce apoptosis in these cells possibly through a caspase-3 independent pathway.

Galactose 1-phosphate is an intermediate in the galactose metabolism and nucleotide sugars metabolism pathways.

BAY-179 is a potent, selective, and species cross-reactive complex I inhibitor used for cancer research.